Sambucus nigra caerulea
Sambucus nigra caerulea
Chumash: qayas Español: Sauco
Chumash: qayas Español: Sauco
est. 2005
Once Upon a Watershed
is a program of the CREW
Telling the Story of Our Watershed Through Exploration, Education, and Stewardship
TOYON
Heteromeles arbutifolia
Chumash: qwe Español: Toyon
Plant Description
Category: shrub
Origin: California
Evergreen: yes
Height: 6 to 10 feet
Flower color: small white
Bloomtime: summer
Fruit: red, winter berries
Exposure: Sun or Shade
Common Names: Christmas Berry, California Holly
Habitat: Chaparral
Drought Tolerant: yes
Irrigation: low water needs
May be poisonous: yes
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Clusters of small, creamy-white flowers develop from mid-spring to early summer and are followed by red berries that attract birds in the fall and winter. Toyon berries provided food for local Native American tribes, such as the Chumash, Tonga, and Tataviam. The berries also can be made into a jelly. Native Americans also made a tea from the leaves as a stomach remedy. Most were dried and stored, then later cooked into porridge or pancakes. Its hard wood was fashioned into a variety of tools, used for fuel, and in rituals.
Toyon’s resemblance to holly and its abundance in the hills of Southern California was the origin of the name “Hollywood.” In the 1920s, collecting toyon branches for Christmas became so popular in Los Angeles that the State of California passed a law forbidding collecting on public land. The berries may be poisonous if eaten in large amounts. The name toyon was given by the Ohlone tribe. Toyon is the only California native plant that continues to be commonly known by a Native American name.